Skin cancer holds the unwelcome distinction of being the most prevalent cancer type. Each year, doctors find more new cases of skin cancer than breast, prostate, lung, and colon cancer combined.
What is Skin Cancer?
Skin cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the skin grow out of control. These abnormal cells can form a tumour. There are three main types of skin cancer: basal cell carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma.
- Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. It usually appears as a small, pink or flesh-coloured bump on the skin. Basal cell carcinoma rarely spreads to other parts of the body.
- Squamous cell carcinoma is the second most common type of skin cancer. It usually appears as a red, scaly patch on the skin. Squamous cell carcinoma can spread to other parts of the body, but it is less likely to do so than basal cell carcinoma.
- Melanoma is the least common type of skin cancer, but it is the most serious. Melanoma can start as a mole or a new growth on the skin. It can also develop from a pre-existing mole. Melanoma can spread to other parts of the body, so it is important to see a doctor right away if you have any concerns about a mole or a new growth on your skin.
How to Prevent Skin Cancer
There are many things you can do to reduce your risk of skin cancer:
- Avoid the sun between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m. This is when the sun’s rays are strongest.
- Wear protective clothing. This includes a hat, sunglasses, and long-sleeved shirts and pants.
- Use sunscreen. Choose a sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher and apply it liberally to all exposed skin.
- Avoid tanning beds. Tanning beds emit harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays that can cause skin cancer.
How to Detect Skin Cancer
The best way to detect skin cancer is to do a monthly self-exam. During a self-exam, look for any new moles or growths on your skin. Also, check existing moles for any changes in size, shape, or colour. If you see any changes, or if you have a mole or growth that itches, bleeds, or doesn’t heal, make an appointment with your doctor right away.
How to Treat Skin Cancer
The treatment for skin cancer depends on the type of cancer and the stage of the cancer. Treatment options may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of treatments.
If you are concerned about skin cancer, talk to your doctor. Your doctor can help you assess your risk for skin cancer and recommend the best course of treatment.