What is Colon Cancer Screening?
A colon cancer screening is a procedure designed to detect cancer in the colon or rectum, particularly for individuals who are not displaying any symptoms. Colorectal cancer arises from irregular growth within these areas.
The decline in colorectal cancer deaths can be attributed to the heightened awareness and increasing number of colon cancer screenings.
Colon Cancer Screening Options
There are four primary methods for identifying polyps within the colon or rectum:
- Colonoscopy
This involves inserting a camera-equipped tube into the rectum, guiding it through to the colon to search for polyps. If discovered, the polyps can be removed during the procedure. - Flexible Sigmoidoscopy
Similar to a colonoscopy, this evaluation focuses on a segment of the colon and rectum for polyps or cancer. Polyp removal or a follow-up colonoscopy may be recommended. - Double-Contrast Barium Enema
After introducing barium into the rectum, an X-ray is performed to produce more detailed images of the colon. - CT Colonography
Also known as a virtual colonoscopy, this technique employs a CT scan to generate intricate colon images for detecting polyps or cancer.
Who Should Undergo Colon Cancer Screening?
It is advised that individuals of average risk, both men and women, commence colon cancer screenings at the age of 50.
For those deemed at higher risk, screenings may need to commence earlier or at a more frequent interval. High-risk factors encompass:
- Personal history of colon cancer or polyps
- Personal history of IBD (ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease)
- Family history of colon cancer or polyps
- Family history of hereditary colon cancer syndromes like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) or Lynch syndrome
Screening Frequency for Colon Cancer
The frequency of screening varies based on the chosen test. If a colonoscopy doesn’t reveal polyps, it should be repeated every ten years. Flexible sigmoidoscopy, CT colonography, or double-contrast barium enema should be conducted every five years.